Water is introduced into the tank at a certain flow rate and pressure, passing through holes in the stabilizing plate into the cylinder to create turbulence. Material flows into the cylinder through the feed inlet, where particles of a specific size remain suspended due to the upward flow of water, known as the turbulent zone. Larger or denser particles will settle through this turbulent zone to the bottom, where they are discharged through the bottom valve. Smaller or lighter particles do not pass through the turbulent zone but rise to the top, flowing out over the weir and collecting in the overflow channel. Used for grading coarse and fine particles of silica sand or other minerals, serving as a replacement for fine screens for particle size control; sorting of minerals with specific gravity differences; and mineral dewatering and de-siltation.